A training exercise northeast of Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Ariz., Feb. 12, 2013. where Marines with Marine Light Attack Training Squadron 303 provide close air support from a UH-1Y Huey helicopter. During the training exercise the crew of the UH-1Y fire the GAU-21 .50 caliber machine gun and an M134 minigun at simulated targets in the California desert.
In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as air action by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets, that are in close proximity to friendly forces, and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces.
The requirement for detailed integration because of proximity, fires or movement is the determining factor. CAS may need to be conducted during shaping operations with Special Operations Forces (SOF), if the mission requires detailed integration with the fire and movement of these forces. A closely related subset of air interdiction, battlefield air interdiction (AI) denotes interdiction against units with near-term effects on friendly units, but which does not require integration with friendly troop movements. The term battlefield "air interdiction" is not currently used in U.S. joint doctrine.
Close air support requires excellent coordination with ground forces. In advanced modern militaries, this coordination is typically handled by specialists such as Joint Fires Observers (JFO)s, Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTAC)s, and Forward Air Controllers (FAC)s.
More Info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_air_support
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